I have provided you with a few articles to jumpstart your research. However, you should investigate further and add to your references to get a deeper and broader understanding of the issues..
HEALTH POLICY PAPER
The purpose of this paper is to facilitate your critical thinking and analysis of the evolution of health policy over the past 50 years. Last year Medicare and Medicaid turned 50. Since past is prolog to future, a firm grasp on the political forces shaping current and future health policy is essential.
In writing this paper you should also be mastering competencies of the MPH program:
#LEARNING OBJECTIVEMPH Foundational KnowledgeMPH Foundational CompetenciesDIRECT/INDIRECT ASSESSMENT TOOL5Examine the political and economic forces which have helped to shape the course of public health and the provision of health services in the United States including nature of rights and responsibilities for personal and community health.10. Explain the social, political and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities12. Discuss multiple dimensions of the policy-making process, including the roles of ethics and evidenceWeekly challenge questions; Online quizzes; and Participation in discussions, discussion boards and team exercises.Health Policy Paper14. Advocate for political, social or economic policies and programs that will improve health in diverse populations6Assess the impact of US, state and local health policy on the performance of the healthcare systems.10. Explain the social, political and economic determinants of health and how they contribute to population health and health inequities15. Evaluate policies for their impact on public health and health equityWeekly challenge questions; Online quizzes; and Participation in discussions, discussion boards and team exercises.
The Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010 without bipartisan support. As a consequence a Republican controlled legislature has voted 62 times to repeal Obamacare, not including the failed attempts in the current Congress. The opposition has also sued the Obama Administration of implementation and the Supreme Court ruled on the legitimacy of the law. This paper will help you to better understand the legislative process, the role of lobbyists and stability of legislation once passed and signed into law.
You have been provided with some key readings that focus on major pieces of legislation and political failures to enact legislation. Your paper should provide a critical analysis of:
1. The major pieces of legislation which have shaped health policy from the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid to the enactment and implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010.
a. What is the central focus and purpose of each legislation? How does it build on previous efforts to reform the health system or system of payment?
b. What was the role of the executive and legislative branches in establishing and implementing health policy? Has the judicial system been involved (must cover court cases involving ACA)? You need to demonstrate an understanding of the legislative process, how the executive branch engaged the process and any role the judiciary played in determining constitutionality of the legislation.
c. Identify the political and special interest forces that shaped the legislation and critique the results of the political process. This is not intended to be a laundry list of stakeholder organizations. You should select 2 or 3 organizations that were very active in lobbying Congress or Executive branch and had an impact on the outcomes. Analyze their efforts to influence the legislation which is the main point of this section.
d. You will need to cover a minimum of 5 of the following pieces of legislation with the starred items mandatory:
i. ***Medicare/Medicaid- Titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act (1965)
ii. Clinton Health Plan (1993) (failed attempt at health reform)
iii. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
iv. Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Title XXI of the Social Security Act – Childrens Health Insurance)
v. ***Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (2003)
vi. HITECH Act (American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009)
vii. ***The Affordable Care Act (2010)
viii. Medicare Access & CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA)
e. Provide a summary analysis of the evolution of health policy from 1965 to the present. This should not be the focus of the paper. Your summary should flow from your analyses of each piece of legislation. What conclusions can you draw about the nature of health policy and political process in the United States?
2. The paper should be a approximately 15 to 20 pages, double spaced, 1 inch margins submitted through the Canvas assignment page.
a. Review the rubric for written work. Be sure that your paper is analytical and not merely a presentation of facts. Be critical in your discussion. I realize that you may have strong opinions – be sure to substantiate them through sound evidence (published research articles from reputable sources)
b. Keep the paper well organized
i. Use subheadings and good paragraph structure to provide for easier reading and better understanding of your thoughts.
ii. Include a strong, but brief introduction that tells the reader what you will be analyzing and a strong, but brief conclusion with
iii. Be sure to do a spelling and grammar check.
3. All references must be appropriately cited. I prefer APA style, but as long as you use a standard citation method and are consistent in the paper it will be acceptable. Wikipedia is not an acceptable source. Keep in mind that Safe Assign picks up patterns and direct quotes, so if you are quoting directly be sure to enclose in parentheses and cite appropriately.
4. I have provided you with a few articles to jumpstart your research. However, you should investigate further and add to your references to get a deeper and broader understanding of the issues.
5. The paper will be submitted through Blackboard and subject to Safe Assign review. Plagiarisms are not acceptable; keep in mind that Safe Assign will identify similarities to other students’ papers as well as to published works. Be sure to place all direct quotes in quotation marks and properly cite all references. Wikipedia is not an acceptable source and one that Safe Assign identifies easily.
6. Paper Format
a. Introduction (1 page)
b. Medicare/Medicaid (2-3 pages)
c. Etc. – identify each piece of legislation under a separate subheading. You should use subheadings for each legislation that help the reader to see and understand how you are analyzing each legislative effort.
d. Summary and conclusion
Initial references to kick start your research:
I have provided you with a few articles to jumpstart your research. However, you should investigate further and add to your references to get a deeper and broader understanding of the issues.
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