School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 1 EEE3021 EEE8157 Renewable Energy Course Work (Development of a Solar Farm or Wind Farm) (Academic Year 2021/22) EEE3021
EEE8157 Renewable Energy
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1 Course Work (Development of a Solar Farm or Wind Farm)
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1 1. Course Work:
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2 2. Coursework: Useful Constants and Data sources
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5 3. Single line diagrams and Grid connection
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8 4. Coursework allocation
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9 School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 2 1. Course Work: 1.1. Background The course is assessed by examination and coursework. The coursework is assessed orally via a presentation (which is recorded), of no more than 10 minutes. The coursework aims to develop research skills and the ability to utilise relevant information from different sources in addition to giving experience in the challenges of renewable energy development and communication skills. 1.2. Aim The academic aim of this coursework is to find a site suitable for a solar or wind farm within your allocated area and analyse the practical and economic aspects. Site selection must be based on economic, technical and logistical considerations and presented in an accessible manor for a business development manager of an engineering investment company. All recommendations and conclusions must be justified and backed up with calculations, references and relevant technical background. 1.3. Business Brief An investment company wishes to invest in a renewable energy farm designed to export electricity to the UK distribution network. Working as an energy consultant, your job is to work on behalf of the investment company to propose a generation facility that will make a good return on their money. You are required to perform a high level feasibility study on behalf of the company detailing either a solar farm or a wind farm within a designated area, outlining the options including: Evaluation of proposed site and justification of solar or wind Justification of the proposed site power rating Type, number and layout of solar cells or wind turbines (example pictures) Details of local electrical infrastructure and connection possibilities based on data provided in the long term development statement and Npower heat map. Could include o distance and type of connection, o impact on local network, o Single Line Diagram to the point of common connection, o reverse power flow o Maximum capacity. An economic assessment which could include o Capital costs o Annual income o Connection cost o Payback or other economic evaluation tool 1.4. Scope You have been allocated a number (see Section 4 below) which indicates the centre point of the geographical area you are to search for a site in. Your generation site can be within a 1km diameter from this point. The areas are shown in Figure 1-1 and more accurately defined at https://www.bing.com/maps osid=1479742d-e05a-4744-8f08- d94e5d8ab17e&cp=51.122432~-3.248492&lvl=10&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027 School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 3 Figure 1-1: Sites School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 4 You must investigate your site and discuss the feasibility of developing either solar panels or wind turbines. This course work is open ended. This means I only give limited guidance on what I want from the report – I am looking to be impressed by your effort. As this is a hypothetical development, you may need to make assumptions. Be creative! You could, for example, propose a new ground mounted solar farm, a community owned domestic roof mounted PV scheme for a housing estate, a PV installation on a large building such as a university or shopping centre or look at rolling out installation as part of a new housing estate yet to be built. Whatever your proposal, the total capacity of the plant must be rated between 100 kW and 5MW and have a single connection to the existing electrical network. You should make use of mapping sites, such as bing, aerial photograph tools, such as Google earth, and information from the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) given in the Long Term Development Statement (LTDS), provided on canvas. Location of 11kV cables is hard to find, but you ought to be able to find the location of local 33/11kV substations. A list of possible data sources and useful constants is given in section 2. An example single line diagram for network connections and information on performing fault level calculations is given in Section 3. 1.5. Oral presentation You will present your initial findings orally via a recorded session, submitted via Canvas to the module leader by 2pm on 23/05/2022. Your presentation must last 10 minutes or less. Please prepare a power point presentation and record yourself presenting this. The presentation must be submitted on Canvas by 2pm on 23/05/22. Presentation marking scheme: 60% technical content 40% time keeping, presentation style, quality of slides You will receive feedback on your presentation. School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 5 2. Coursework: Useful Constants and Data sources 2.1. Connection costs You are welcome to use any well justified or well referenced values in your analysis. Alternatively, Table 1 gives some useful constants, Table 2 gives indicative costs for electrical connection and Table 3 gives estimated transformer costs. ‘Tee’ connection involves putting a radial feeder onto an existing line, whereas direct substation connection involves laying a new line to a substation bus bar. Costs are given for Overhead Line (OHL) and buried cable. Table 1 Rate of return 5% Cost of solar / wind Capital ￡1/W O+M per year 1% Price of electricity 15 p/kWh Lifetime of technology 20 Years Table 2 11kV 33kV 132kV Tee -connection capital ￡80,000 ￡130,000 ￡250,000 Switch gear ￡93,000 ￡250,000 ￡1,000,000 direct substation connection capital ￡110,000 ￡250,000 ￡600,000 Circuit breaker upgrade ￡72,000 ￡90,000 ￡300,000 OHL / km ￡110,000 ￡200,000 ￡380,000 buried cable / km ￡350,000 ￡500,000 ￡1,500,000 Table 3 Transformer size and type Cost (￡1,000s) 11/0.4kV 2000kVA Transformer, oil filled 25 11/0.4kV 1000kVA Transformer, oil filled 12 11/0.4kV 500kVA Transformer, oil filled 9 11/0.4kV 200kVA Transformer, oil filled 4 11/0.4kV 100kVA Transformer, pole mounted 3 132/33kV 120MVA transformer 1300 132/33kV 60MVA transformer 840 132/33kV 30MVA transformer 525 School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 6 132/33kV 15MVA transformer 176 132/11kV 60MVA Transformer 726 132/11kV 30MVA Transformer 600 132/11kV 15MVA Transformer 391 33/11kV 38MVA Transformer 501 33/11kV 24MVA Transformer 342 33/11kV 15MVA Transformer 244 33/11kV 10MVA Transformer 182 33/11kV 7.5MVA Transformer 163 For costing, assume installation = 0.5 x capital cost for capital equipment. Leave a 10% contingency on total cost. For example, a 1km 11kV OHL Tee connection the estimated cost is: [{￡110,000 +￡93,000}*1.5 + ￡80,000]*1.1 =￡422,950 The feed in tariff, which is a government incentive to make renewable energy economic, as described here: https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/environmental-programmes/fit/fit-tariff-rates In reality, all these constants are simplifications. The wholesale price of electrical energy is always varying depending on time of day, time of year and how far in advance of delivery the price is agreed. i.e. electricity guaranteed for delivery in 2 months can be worth more than that which will be generated in 1 hour. Conversely, in times of need, a generator that can fill a short term need can get the best price. Figure 2-1 shows the price variation of each MW/h of electricity for agreed generation a day in advance over 2019. Figure 2-2: shows the variation over a typical day. In your economic analysis you can try and capture this or assume a fixed rate as given in Table 2. Figure 2-1: Cost of energy “day ahead baseload contract” for 2019 – from ofgem.gov.uk 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 ￡/ M W h month (2019) day ahead baseload contract (from ofgem.gov.uk) School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 7 Figure 2-2: Cost of energy variation 30/01/2020 from electricinsights.co.uk 2.2. Geographic data sources Beware, part of the assessment of this is about data gathering. Please avoid Wikipedia as a reference as its content is often unverified and very dynamic. Some potential useful data is given below. Plenty more trustworthy data freely available on the internet. Mapping data – Google earth (including streetview) Bing maps especially ‘ordnance survey’ data Data on sites of special scientific interest, wildlife reserves etc can be found here http://magic.defra.gov.uk/home.htm Listed buildings, which may affect planning permission, can be found here: https://historicengland.org.uk/ 2.3. Northern Powergrid Data Some networks provide a costing tool online and detailed advice – others provide much less. On canvas I have put the ‘long term development’ statements for Northern Powergrid. Please use this for calculations. You may use online or DNO tools relating to connecting to networks for reference, but you must do your own calculations and all conclusions must be based on your own calculations. 2.4. Resource calculation For domestic installation, lots of online resource calculators available. Search online, or use e.g. https://www.renewables.ninja/ or https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/ for solar or https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/38721/1402- windspeed-database-information-sheet.pdf and https://www.rensmart.com/Maps#NOABL for wind. School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 8 Be sure to reference all data you use. These can be used to try and ascertain costs and to support your own calculations. For more accurate resource assessment, look at met office weather station data for your area: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate-historic/# tab=climateHistoric 2.5. Manufacturers Solar https://www.solar-trade.org.uk/ https://www.renewableenergyhub.co.uk/main/solar-panels/solar-panel-manufacturers-and- products/#:~:text=The%20top%205%20manufacturers%20at,worldwide%20which%20manufacture%20PV%20cells. Wind https://www.vestas.com/ https://www.siemensgamesa.com/en-int 2.6. Planning – A fantastic document detailing the build of large PV farms : “Planning guidance for the development of large scale ground mounted solar PV systems” available here: http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/nsc/Documents%20Library/NSC%20Publications/NSC-publication-planning- guidance.pdf And also available on Canvas. The equivalent for wind is http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/ Manufacturers often provide data on their products, search on line for details. 3. Single line diagrams and Grid connection See also grid connection details associated with the module. The new electrical connection can be illustrated by a simplified single line diagram, e.g. Figure 3-1. In this example, a wind farm is Tee connected to an existing line via a new line. Two new sets of switch gear are included to allow isolation of the new line. The Point of Common-Coupling (PoCC) is where the new infrastructure meets the original network. School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 9 Figure 3-1: Example SLD for a new connection 4. Coursework allocation https://www.bing.com/maps osid=1479742d-e05a-4744-8f08-d94e5d8ab17e&cp=51.122432~- 3.248492&lvl=10&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027 Student Login ID Coursework location -, Swarnashree c1016764 1 Al Raqum, Sulaiman M A B b8026809 2 Alali, Mohammed b7042785 3 Alfahad, Fahad N H A b9064460 4 Alkooheji, Ahmed Mohamed Amin Abdulrazzaq b8030142 5 Alosaimi, Raad Abdullah M b9057043 6 Alshmailan, Turki S O S T c1049563 7 Asadallah, Fatimah S A S E c1049801 8 Baxter, Cameron Robert b8038317 9 Biju Sreelatha, Aravind c1037218 10 Bullock Lynch, Christopher Robert b8035077 11 Chen, Sifan c0085868 12 Cui, Yulong c0091426 13 Dong, Hao c0069935 14 Du, Mengwei c1049595 15 Dyer, Rory Edward P b7038115 16 Eckersley, James Peter b8064532 17 Faucitt, Ewan Arthur b8029568 18 Substation name 2 Grid Supply point 132/33kV 2 X 60MVA 33/11kV 2 X 7.5MVA Substation name 2 Substation name 3 33/11kV 3.5MVA Substation name 1 33/11kV 2 x 6.25MVA New switchgear Proposed Wind Farm Existing windfarm 19.3MVA 23.5MVA 21.6MVA 33/11kV 3.5MVA PoCC School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 10 Ferreira, Paulo Bunga c0077220 19 Finn, Jake Alexander b7021506 20 Gong, Zheng c0038174 21 Gopinath, Rahul c1042320 22 Guo, Zheng c0094463 23 He, Zhiyong c1046103 24 Hooper, Alexander Matthew b7028389 25 Huang, Zhiyuan b7060292 26 Jiang, Qicheng c1043949 27 Joshi, Shreyas Hemant c1038406 28 Kennedy, Jack Michael b8026326 29 Lawrence, Ashli b7036515 30 Li, Houcheng c0092478 31 Li, Maochen c1040876 32 Li, Qiuyang c1000225 33 Lin, Jiazheng c0000322 34 Lin, Zeyin c0096462 35 Liu, Haoqi c1001185 36 Liu, Yichao c1037748 37 Liu, Yida c1028570 38 Long, Hongyu c0091742 39 Luo, Xiao c1031951 40 Manogaran, Sarath Chander c0047323 41 Mitford, Bertram David b8037106 42 Mittag, Maja b8010684 43 Moorcroft, Ryan James b8039959 44 Napper, Liberty Nicole b8010192 45 Ni, Yingdong c0026570 46 O’Brien, James Edward b8018127 47 O’Callaghan, Ciaran Padraig b8010195 48 Oakes, Alexander John Eric b7017106 49 Owen-Rigby, Elisabeth Georgia b8024303 50 Parker, Alexander Richard Thomas b8020577 51 Qiu, Yuchen c0092255 52 Retout, Isabelle Lucy b8018367 53 Robinson, Callum James b8032252 54 Shao, Henglei c0069377 55 Shi, Yehui c0097915 56 Song, Ziheng c1006016 57 Spence, Ryan Richmond b8064203 58 Thankappan Mani, Ananthu c1035377 59 Wang, Jing c1032636 60 Wang, Yi c1038486 61 Weldridge, Thomas Shay c1039895 62 Woods, Halley Gabriel Blue b8064241 63 Xiong, Jiangao c1028265 64 School of Engineering Renewable Energy EEE3021 / EEE8157 11 Yang, Zhiyuan c0066917 65 Yeates, Georgina Elizabeth b8007963 66 Zhang, Fanlu c1043585 67 Zhang, Tonghe c0091054 68 Zou, Kangyi c0013218 69
