ARTS1660 Introductory Korean A Week 02 Lecture Unit 2 Today … … Hangeul (2) Some basic pronunciation rules Our approach to Hangeul learning … Korean sounds Hangeul letters syllables words and sentences Sound rules Story about Hangeul Vowel letters (21) – representing … Consonant letters (19) – representing … Hangeul syllable Hangeul letters are combined into syllables. A Hangeul syllable consists of a syllable-initial consonant letter, a vowel letter and zero to two syllable-final consonant letters. The place for the syllable-initial consonant letter within the syllable structure is determined by the ‘shape’ of the vowel – vertical, horizontal, mixed. The syllable-final consonant letter or letters are placed at the bottom of the syllable. Hangeul syllable – vertical, horizontal, mixed vowel letters Names of Hangeul Letters Consonants (19) Vowels (21) Reading Hangeul Words as Koreans do … 1. 2. , , 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ; 10. ; 1. The letter ‘ ’: [-] or [ng] 2. Merging of and (also / , / / ) 3. The letter ‘ ’: [r] or [l] 4. The letter ‘ ’ and ‘ ’: [sh] or [ssh] 5. Normal, tense, aspirated consonants 6. Unreleased sounds [p ], [t ], [k ] 7. Syllable-final , , , , : [t ] 8. Becoming aspirated by ‘ ’ 9. Liaison (1, 2) 10. Assimilation (1, 2) 1. The consonant letter ‘ ’: [-] or [ng] they are NOT syllables now, they are syllables (without a syllable-final consonant) they are also syllables (with a syllable-final consonant) Syllable-initially has no phonetic value [-], but syllable-finally it is pronounced as [ng] 2. Merged pronunciation of and The vowel letters and are pronounced the same [e] Likewise, and [ye], and , , and [we] ! 3. The consonant letter ‘ ’: [r] or [l] Syllable-initial is pronounced as [r] Syllable-final as [l] Two adjacent s will be pronounced as [l] 4. The consonant letters , and and in front of , , , , ([i] or [y]) are pronounced as [sh] and [ssh] respectively 5. ‘Normal’, ‘Tense’, ‘Aspirated’ Sounds – 6. Unreleased Sounds When a syllable-final consonant, which is a stop ( , , , , , , ), is not followed by a vowel the syllable-final , and unreleased [k ] the syllable-final and unreleased [p ] the syllable-final and unreleased [t ] Note that and do not occur syllable-finally in Modern Korean. 7. The syllable-final , , , , When a syllable-final consonant, which is a fricative ( , , ) or an affricate ( , ), is not followed by a vowel the syllable-final , , , and unreleased [t ] Note that does not occur syllable-finally in Modern Korean 8. Becoming aspirated by ‘ ’ [h] When the syllable-final [p ], [t ] or [k ] is followed by ‘ ’ (ie, [h]), or when is followed by , or , the two are ‘combined’ and pronounced as aspirated [p], [t] or [k]. 9. Liaison (1) When the syllable-final consonant is followed by the letter ‘ ’ (ie, a vowel), it is pronounced as if it was the syllable- initial consonant of the ensuing syllable . [ ] I’m John. . [ ] Come in (please). … [ ] because I’m late… 9. Liaison (2) When there are two syllable-final consonants and the next syllable begins with the letter ‘ ’ (ie, a vowel), division of labour occurs . [ ] take a seat please . [ ] I read . [ ] I don’t have 10. Assimilation (1) An unreleased consonant sound before ‘ ’ and ‘ ’ becomes nasalised. . [ ] in pronounced as [m] . [ ] in pronounced as [m] . [ ] in pronounced as [m] [ ] in pronounced as [ng] 10. Assimilation (2) [ ] Finland [ ] Henry [ ] Shilla [ ] Vietnamese fresh spring rolls .. + .. .. + .. .. + .. Reading Hangeul Words as Koreans do … 1. 2. , , 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ; 10. ; Hangeul – why is it special Two things to remember Historically – unusual; invented (1443, 1446) by King Sejong himself to teach ‘commoners’ correct pronunciations; hun-min-jeong-eum; han-geul by in 1910s (Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture) Linguistically – featural alphabetic (Sampson 1985, 2015) , , , , ; , , https://www.youtube.com/watch v=2aDPpssj0h0 Also, the Hangeul day – 9 October Sampson, Geoffrey. (1985, 2015). Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction. Stanford University Press Hangeul consonant letters the basic five feature ‘added’ add stroke(s) add stroke(s) double it Hangeul vowel letters The basic two (originally three) add (right, left, up, down) add add one more add add
